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Research on entrepreneurship education is growing due to its practical significance and its role in fostering economic growth. The aim of this chapter is to highlight and present an overview of the current state of entrepreneurship education (challenges and opportunities) and how COVID-19 can be a transformational opportunity for entrepreneurship education as one has to reimagine new ways to design and deliver curriculum based on collaboration and cooperation in between students and teachers and various educational institutions. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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Technology greatly supports people's daily lives such as education, business, medical, and many other aspects. It can be noted that the higher education institutions' students rely on technological support and university assistance for their studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological enablement is the primary determinant for entrepreneurial initiation that received attention from scholars. The focus areas include how governmental support, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial education and technological enablement (mediator factor) can influence the entrepreneurial initiation. Empirical studies showed the direct and indirect impacts of the contributing factors in a particular area. However, is it the same effect of the factors for different countries? This study conducted a self-administered questionnaire to collect topic-related information from higher education institutions in Malaysia and the Philippines. A formative-reflective model, PLS-MGA, was used to analyse the direct and indirect impacts alongside the mediating factor, technological enablement. The results showed that entrepreneurial competencies, Entrepreneurial Education System, Entrepreneurial Education Mechanism, and Entrepreneurial Intention positively and significantly impact entrepreneurial success in both regions. However, the result also demonstrated that the impact of technological enablement on entrepreneurial success is more significant in Malaysia than in the Philippines. With such findings, policymakers and institutions in both countries can understand the insight and importance of technological enablement in stimulating entrepreneurship and its perceived success. Hence, they can implement supportive strategies and necessary policies to ensure technology adoption, success in shaping students' entrepreneurial mindset and achieving the perceived outcome.
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In two studies, we investigate whether the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions depends on outcome expectations. In Study 1, we exploit the COVID-19-induced lockdown as a natural experiment in a two-wave student sample. We compare the efficacy–intention link in survey responses submitted right before and right after the lockdown. In Study 2, we conceptually replicate and extend the findings via an online vignette experiment. Together, these studies show that a disruption of stable institutionalized outcome expectations implying increasing risk and uncertainty makes self-efficacy a weaker predictor of entrepreneurial intentions, particularly among those with pessimistic perceptions.
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Fintech market is growing but slowly in Vietnam. Therefore, the government needs more interventions to develop this market. This study investigates the key predictors of Fintech entrepreneurial intentions. Based on data on 1180 university students in Vietnam and multiple techniques, the results show that attitudes and perceived behavioral control have a direct effect on Fintech entrepreneurial intentions, while subjective norm has an indirect effect. These impacts are strong for both during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Educators have a greater responsibility for creating a Fintech-friendly environment. Policymakers have more incentives and benefits for the sustainable development of the Fintech industry. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Public Organization Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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The Graduates Statistics 2020 data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) reported a 4.4 per cent increase of graduates from 5.13 million in 2019 to 5.36 million students in 2020. However, in the same year, the Ministry of Higher Education revealed that the marketability of Malaysian graduates had declined from 86.2 per cent in 2019 to 84.4 per cent in 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Aligned with the issues, the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education has endorsed entrepreneurship education in all higher education institutions as an initiative to encourage students to enrol in entrepreneurship courses and activities. This prompted the current study, which sought to determine the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), higher education institutions (HEIs), and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Malaysian hospitality students. In the first phase of the current study, a quantitative study employing the sequential explanatory mixed method design was conducted via an online survey at five (5) public HEIs in Malaysia, yielding a total sample size of 297 participants. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software was used to analyse the study's data structuring obtained via probability sampling. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted in the second phase of the current study to get in-depth view of the relevant skills of successful entrepreneurs. The data were analyses using NVIVO 12. The study has successfully purposed a model for entrepreneurship education, the Inspirational Hospitality Entrepreneurship Model (IHEM), which highlights the eight relevant skills to being a successful hospitality entrepreneur. Overall, the current study discovers that PsyCap has an impact on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship. This study perhaps could benefits to stakeholders, specifically those in higher institutions, by validating the emerging need for hospitality students to be equipped with high spirit, high creativity, and a wealth of new ideas to produce more young hospitality entrepreneurs for Malaysia to be resilient in the future. © 2023,International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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PurposeThis paper aims to examine the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among students of a university in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on their risk-taking propensity, social support and demographic variables.Design/methodology/approachData for the study were collected from 350 undergraduates across seven faculties in Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, through a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and regression statistical analysis were used to estimate and test the relationship among entrepreneurial intention and social support, risk-taking propensity and demographic variables.FindingsThe results showed high entrepreneurial intention among the students. The push factors, such as perceived social support from families, risk-taking propensity and previous engagement in business, are key determinants of entrepreneurship intention among the students. The age and father's occupation also showed a significant relationship with the level of entrepreneurial intention.Practical implicationsThis result suggests that strengthening social support for entrepreneurship among students could enhance their desire to own a business during and after graduation. Improving entrepreneurship ecosystems in the university could further motivate those already practicing entrepreneurship while also stimulating intentions among others. For instance, provision of entrepreneurship infrastructure and incentives such as business incubators, innovation hubs, science parks and competitive business grants could enhance the risk-taking propensity among students and motivate them for venture creation.Originality/valueUnderstanding the influence of social support and risk-taking propensity on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates is important for policy and practice. The result further reinforces the need to promote entrepreneurship education to create a critical mass of potential entrepreneurs in the university.
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The purpose of this study is to test the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits of agriculture and food science senior students and their entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, the study employed an online survey, which was directed to senior students in the agriculture and food science program at four public universities in Saudi Arabia. Out of the 450 forms distributed, 410 provided usable responses for analysis. This process yielded an answer ratio of 91%. The findings of PLS-SEM showed that the Big Five personality traits have a significant positive influence on students' intent toward entrepreneurship, except for neuroticism, which was found to have a negative but insignificant influence. The results of moderating effect analysis showed no significant moderating influences of gender on the link between two traits, i.e., agreeableness and neuroticism and entrepreneurship intention. On the other side, gender was found to have a significant moderating role in the relationship between the four other traits, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, and entrepreneurial intention. Male students have a more moderating influence in relation to extraversion and conscientiousness than females do on entrepreneurial intention, whereas female students have a more moderating influence regarding openness to experiences than males on entrepreneurship intention. The results confirm that to ensure a sustainable agriculture ecosystem, each gender should receive appropriate development programs to strengthen their personal traits to stimulate entrepreneurial intention.
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PurposeAt present, nearly the whole globe is facing a severe threat of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the COVID-19 complications and entrepreneurial intention among the entrepreneurs of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a deductive approach. An online survey is conducted to collect cross-sectional data from entrepreneurs of Pakistan. Convenience sampling is applied to target the respondents. In total, 278 usable answers proceed for final analysis. The structural equation model (SEM) is used to infer the results.FindingsThe findings of the study highlight a significant negative effect of fear of COVID-19 (FO19), perceived susceptibility (PSU) and perceived severity (PSE) on entrepreneurial intention (EI) among the entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsThe study would provide the guidelines for policymakers and planners to combat the barriers of fear, PSU and PSE during a pandemic. The findings of the second wave of COVID-19 may provide a warning to the government to take preventive measures to face the severe effect of the pandemic. Finally, the outcomes of the study may enrich the depth of COVID-19 literature globally.Originality/valueThis study is the first study highlighting factors such as fear, PSU and PSE toward EI in COVID-19 second wave.
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Entrepreneurial intention is fundamental to decision-making and the behaviors needed to become entrepreneurs, with subsequent effects on economic development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic calls for a novel approach to teaching entrepreneurship owing to the shift to online learning. The current study explores entrepreneurial intention and the satisfaction derived from the entrepreneurship education program. In particular, we offer a framework that explains students' satisfaction and entrepreneurial intention by integrating the theory of planned behavior with design thinking-based entrepreneurship courses, peer interactions, and speaker interactions. The entrepreneurship education program was for vocational college students located in Southeast Asia. The online questionnaire was distributed to participants (N = 263, MAGE = 18.64) at the end of the online entrepreneurship education program. The model was tested using a structural equation model analysis. Attitude, subject norm, and satisfaction were found to predict higher entrepreneurial intention among vocational college students. Moreover, design thinking-based entrepreneurship courses, peer interaction, and speaker interaction indirectly affect entrepreneurial intention through satisfaction. This research extends the literature on entrepreneurship education by proposing a novel learning approach, that is, the online design thinking-based learning approach, which could be applied to entrepreneurship education programs to enhance students' entrepreneurial intention.
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Sociopreneurs need a place to develop their abilities especially in adopting digital-based technology. This study aims to identify the factors that influence entrepreneur intention including Family, Locus of Control, Tolerance Ambiguity, Innovativeness, Need for Achievement, Risk Taking. The sample of this study contains 100 respondents who are members of the MomPreneur HORE MPH community. This study has eleven hypotheses: six hypotheses were accepted, while five hypotheses were rejected by the findings. Tolerance ambiguity has the greatest influence on entrepreneurial intention because of the uncertainties related to the transition to the end of the COVID-19 pandemic;therefore, housewives with a large degree of tolerance for ambiguity will strengthen their belief in becoming an entrepreneur despite all the challenges in this transitional period. This study expands the psychological theories of entrepreneurship leading to sustainable development goals. By discovering the psychological factors, it is possible to encourage potential entrepreneurs such as those in Jombang, Indonesia. Copyright © 2022 GMP Press and Printing.
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Entrepreneurship is generally considered the engine of social and economic development. Therefore, its promotion is of the utmost importance, especially in a context of crisis, such as the one currently experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to identify the best approaches to foster entrepreneurship, this study aims to understand how entrepreneurship education impacts the development of entrepreneurial skills and behaviors in students. The results of this study show that the behavior associated with promoting new ventures can be predicted by specific individual characteristics. More specifically, individuals with greater prior knowledge, entrepreneurial alertness, opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial motivation, and entrepreneurial intention exhibit greater entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, the results of the multi-group analysis indicate that the proposed model works differently in students with some type of entrepreneurship training and in those with none. More specifically, students enrolled in entrepreneurship education are more likely to use prior knowledge and alertness to recognize new business opportunities and align their motivations toward starting a new venture than other students. © 2023 The Authors
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The situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has affected several areas: economic, social, relational, and, of course, education. This article aims to determine the impact on education, transposed to Resilience and entrepreneurial intention. A quantitative study was carried out, and 550 undergraduate university students were surveyed by random probability sampling, and the data were analyzed by factor analysis for the reduction of dimensions, and subsequently, linear and correlational regressions were applied. We found that there is a positive impact between Resilience and the entrepreneurial intention of university students, and it was also demonstrated that the greater the Resilience, the greater the perceived control of the entrepreneurial intention. Both attitude and subjective norm showed the highest positive relationships. The present work provides essential findings on the effect of Resilience on students and supports the importance of including entrepreneurship in education as a post-pandemic triggering factor. Furthermore, it opens future lines of research related to the inclusion of entrepreneurship in university students and the specific social impacts that may affect entrepreneurial intention. © 2022, North American Business Press. All rights reserved.
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Objective: The article aims to understand the influence of how attitude (ATT), the perception of country support (PCS) for entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship self-efficacy (ESE) support entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Research Design & Methods: In total, 305 migrants from Venezuela living in Peru completed the online ques-tionnaire. It contained 21 items that evaluated the variables to explain the EI. In the study, we employed the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Findings: We found that ATT (0.591) and PCS for entrepreneurship (0.204) showed a direct and significant influence on ESE, while ESE showed a direct and significant influence (0.823) on the EI. The research model explained 67.7% of the EI. The analysis using bootstrapping technique showed the significance of the path coefficients. Implications & Recommendations: Current research showed the effect of ATT and PCS on ESE, which governments and organizations can use to create plans to promote entrepreneurship among migrants. Contribution & Value Added: Governments can use the study results to develop and improve new regulations to encourage entrepreneurship. The novelty of this study is the use of the PLS-SEM technique. © 2022, Cracow University of Economics. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of curriculum attendance (CA) and extracurricular activities (EA) on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) in Indonesian students. This research is elaborated using the quantitative method with SEM-PLS to find out the studied phenomena. Decision questionnaires from questionnaires that have been used in previous studies. The questionnaire was responded to by 733 students who had studied entrepreneurship education during COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the presence of the curriculum attendance and extracurricular activities had a positive impact on entrepreneurial selfefficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Extracurricular activities and entrepreneurial self-efficacy have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions. However, the presence of the curriculum has no impact on entrepreneurial intentions. This is the first step for universities and students to realize that the presence of the curriculum needs to be reconstructed in order to have an impact on entrepreneurial intentions. © 2023, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
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In order to improve the quality of youth in entrepreneurship. Schools managements need to know the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of their students. A past study systematic review findings showed that EI measurement has to be improved. To the best ability, this is the contribution of this study and a novel strategy that may pave the way for further research in this area in the future. Thereupon, this study aims for scale development specially for youth in vocational school context and determine the dimensionality of items measuring the EI construct. This study also conducted bibliometric analysis. Research tools used were SPSS version 24 and VOS viewer. The validation used Modified Delphi Method for content and face validity with seven panelists, meanwhile Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for construct validity was administered to 100 students in 23 vocational high schools (VHS), using questionnaires. The initial items were analyzed using Fleiss Kappa Index (FKI) and Content Validity Index (CVI) that consist of I-CVI and S-CVI. However, the I-CVI achieved the criteria, S-CVI is 0.898, and FKI is 0.432, then processed to the EFA procedure. The EFA identified four sub-constructs of EI with 73.729% of the total variance explained (TVE) in this study. The study found that the instrument is valid and reliable in measuring the values aspect of EI. The study’s findings could be of interest to the governments, schools managements, and other researchers. It will enable those parties to analyze which factorsare needed to enhance the quality and successful youth in entrepreneurship post-covid-19. © 2022, SRAC - Romanian Society for Quality. All rights reserved.
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All manufacturers were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be assumed that producers were affected as much as the service operation field (based on company categories). This article aims to ascertain how COVID-19 affected various areas of service operations in manufacturing companies. So far, no literature is available identifying the impact of COVID-19 on various areas of service operations by current manufacturers. An electronic questionnaire was prepared and sent to the manufacturers. The questionnaire was completed by 88 respondents from four selected industrial areas. The findings show no statistically significant differences in the perception of the COVID-19 impact on various areas of service operations in manufacturing companies based on CZ-NACE, the number of employees, the type of customers and the type of services provided to products. However, in the area of the type of services, one statistically significant difference was found in the statement related to increasing interest in engaging in cooperation with suppliers in the field of smart services. Theoretical implication contributes to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on manufacturers in various areas of service operation. First, the research did not reveal any statistically significant difference in manufacturing companies sorted by their CZ-NACE, the number of employees and the predominant customers in the areas of service operations. It can be considered that the companies were hit by COVID-19 very similarly. Second, the research revealed statistically significant differences in the area of processing results according to the type of services, and in this case, only in the area of increasing interest in engaging in the cooperation with suppliers in the field of smart services. From a managerial viewpoint, this paper contributes to the field of impact of COVID-19 on areas of service operation in manufacturing companies. © 2022 L. Kaňovská and V. Vlčková.
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University graduates have new challenges in the post-COVID-19 era that impact the perspective of new graduates in choosing their careers. The startup is a popular career alternative for young people who dream of a better world. A mature intellectual quotient, emotional quotient, and spiritual quotient are considered to encourage someone to decide to become a startup founder. This study aims to analyze several variables that are indicated to influence the motivation of graduates to become entrepreneurs and their impact on interest in establishing a startup. The questionnaire was distributed to 400 respondents who were graduates of state universities in Indonesia. The data is then processed using path analysis. The results show that the intellectual quotient variable has no significant effect on the motivation to become an entrepreneur. Meanwhile, the emotional quotient and spiritual quotient show a significant impact on the motivation of university graduates and their interest in becoming startup entrepreneurs. The implications of this research are helpful in developing learning at the university level in Indonesia. © 2022 IEEE.
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Recent changes in education due to COVID-19 required a shift from classroom to online delivery. This chapter illustrates how a highly complex training program, Ideas to Innovation (i2i), responded to this challenge. i2i is based on experiential learning including a variety of activities carried out both in large and small groups with the intention to raise delegates’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In this case study, we illustrate the process by which the program was delivered online for the first time since its existence and how the online delivery of an entrepreneurial program contributed to participants raised level of entrepreneurial intent. We took a qualitative approach by conducting structured (written) and semi-structured interviews with participants. We triangulated the data with insights and reflections of the facilitators engaged in the online delivery. The findings indicate that even when i2i is delivered online, it raised participants’ level of entrepreneurial intent. We also found that digital interaction and collaboration among participants and facilitators on various platforms promoted the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. By highlighting this change in delivery and design, we contribute to the ongoing debate of digitally supported education for entrepreneurship and provide insights to redesign entrepreneurial training programs. © 2023, The Author(s).
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BACKGROUND: Implications of entrepreneurial education (EE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and personality traits (PT) on the entrepreneurial intentions of the deaf is yet unknown in existing literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of EE, ESE and PT on the entrepreneurial intentions among some 250 Deaf and Hard of hearing (DHH) students from two post-secondary institutions in Oyo state, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive research design was adopted, while a structured paper questionnaire was used for data collection. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: The entrepreneurial intentions of DHH college students had a significant positive correlation with EE (râ=â0.18, pâ<â0.05), agreeableness (râ=â0.23, pâ<â0.05), and conscientiousness (râ=â0.19, pâ<â0.05); but had a negative correlation with ESE, neuroticism and openness. Furthermore, personality traits and ESE were the highest predictors of entrepreneurial intention among DHH college students. CONCLUSIONS: Personality traits were the greatest predictor of the entrepreneurial intention of DHH college students post the COVID-19 lockdowns in Nigeria. Therefore, higher education institutions should intensify their efforts in entrepreneurial education and parents of DHH students should encourage them to seek entrepreneurial opportunities.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Intention , Humans , Self Efficacy , Communicable Disease Control , Students , HearingABSTRACT
The COVID-19 global pandemic eruption has thrown schedules, preferences, and current networks into disarray, creating inherent uncertainty about what lies ahead. This adversity brought on by covid 19 global pandemic created a displacement event in an individual life that can trigger sudden behavioral changes in an individual that would necessitate the search for several opportunities for making ends meet. However, individuals’ responses to the occurrence of any particular event are influenced by their judgments of whether the event is negative or positive, as well as whether the occurrence of that event can be used to generate income. Thus this study is intended to explore how adversity leads to entrepreneurship during covid 19 global pandemic. Specifically, what can inspire individuals to start a new venture in today’s world that has been severely impacted by the covid 19 global pandemic? This study collects survey data from popular cities in China and analyzed the data using a structural equation model to empirically explore what determines entrepreneurial intention to start a new venture during a global pandemic. The findings show that possible feasibility and necessity have a strong influence on entrepreneurial intention in starting a new venture.